However, the theory of a host advantage has been recently debunked by Stephen Pettigrew and Danyel Reiche, from the Department of Government, Harvard University, and the Department of Political Studies and Public Administration, American University of Beirut, respectively. For instance, at the Sochi winter Olympics, champion skater Yuna Kim was defeated by Russian skater Adelina Sotnikova, a decision that was widely criticized as one where the judges were influenced by the cheering. Bernard and Busse find that host countries win an additional 1.8% of medals, and attribute this to lowered costs of attendance, facilities, and the influence of spectators on judging (especially in sports such as figure skating and gymnastics where subjective judgement is involved). Only 23 countries have ever hosted the Olympics: the US, which is also has the highest medal tally in Olympics history, has hosted the game the maximum number of times (eight). They point out that large, wealthy nations (with high population and per capita GDP) are also more likely to be hosts, and thus gain a double advantage. They attribute this advantage to lower transportation costs and climatic advantages. Ali found that host nations on average win 24.87 more medals than non-host nations, and that neighbours of host nations do well too. In Coming to Play or Coming to Win: Participation and Success at the Olympic Games, Daniel K. It’s been widely observed that host countries typically boost their medal haul. Busse from the Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley argue that top medal winning countries exhibit both high per capita incomes and a large population.Īlso Read: How the Olympic Games have become more inclusive Bernard from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth and Meghan R. In their influential paper, Who Wins the Olympic Games: Economic Resources and Medal Totals, Andrew B. These countries-the USA, the erstwhile Soviet Union, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Sweden, Russia, China and erstwhile East Germany-are mostly wealthy nations that have seen sustained state investment in nurturing talent. Team USA's medal-best standard is 34 overall with 10 golds on home turf in Salt Lake City during the 2002 Winter Olympics.Sports Reference lists 10 countries that have won the most medals at the summer Olympics (from the inaugural 1896 games in Athens to the London Olympics of 2012). With eight medals, Finland had their best Games since 2006 when they won nine medals. ROC: The 32 medals won by athletes representing the Russian Olympic Committee are the most medals ever won by Russian athletes in one Winter Games regardless of the NOC designation (URS, EUN, RUS, OAR) (Note: Team Figure Skating medals are provisional – ROC gold)įinland (FIN): With its gold medal in men’s hockey, Finland won its first gold medal in Olympic hockey - men’s or women’s. Their only other medal was silver in men’s curling. Great Britain (GBR): Great Britain won their only gold medal at these Games in women’s curling. Their total medal count is 27: 12 gold, 10 silver, 5 bronze. Germany (GER): Germany finished these Games with 16 of 30 medals in the sliding events – nine of 10 gold medals. Norway (NOR): In winning two additional medals, Norway finished atop the medal chart for total medals won and most golds at these Games - 37 (16 gold, 8 silver, 13 bronze), Norway’s best Games was PyeongChang 2018 where they won 39 medals (14 gold, 14 silver, 11 bronze) China’s previous best total was 11 in both 20 Of the 21 medals won by Team USA in non-mixed events, 13 were won by women, eight were won by menĬhina (CHN): Host China had their best Winter Games – medal count remains at 15: 9 gold, 4 silver, 2 bronze. She also won bronze in the women’s individual sprint and is the first American to win two cross-country skiing medals at one Winter Games. USA’s final medal of these Games came in cross-country skiing 's women’s 30km thanks to Jessie Diggins' silver. Team USA slipped one spot from its solid fourth-place finish in 2018, when its 23 medals trailed Norway (39), Germany (31), and Canada (29). The Americans finished the 2022 Winter Olympics with 24 medals, behind Norway, ROC, Germany, and Canada.
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